Intranasal Dexamethasone Reduces Mortality and Brain Damage in a Mouse Experimental Ischemic Stroke Model

Neuroinflammation triggered by the expression of damaged-associated molecular patterns released from dying cells plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. However, the benefits from the control of neuroinflammation in the clinical outcome have not been established. In this study, the effectiveness of intranasal, a highly efficient route to reach the central nervous system, and intraperitoneal dexamethasone administration in the treatment of neuroinflammation was evaluated in a 60-min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in C57BL/6 male mice. We performed a side-by-side comparison using intranasal versus intraperitoneal dexamethasone, a timecourse including immediate (0 h) or 4 or 12 h poststroke intranasal administration, as well as 4 intranasal doses of dexamethasone beginning 12 h after the MCAO versus a single dose at 12 h to identify the most effective conditions to treat neuroinflammation in MCAO mice. The best results were obtained 12 h after MCAO and when mice received a single dose of dexamethasone (0.25 mg/kg) intranasally. This treatment significantly reduced mortality, neurological deficits, infarct volume size, blood–brain barrier permeability in the somatosensory cortex, inflammatory cell infiltration, and glial activation. Our results demonstrate that a single low dose of intranasal dexamethasone has neuroprotective therapeutic effects in the MCAO model, showing a better clinical outcome than the intraperitoneal administration. Based on these results, we propose a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of the damage process that accompanies ischemic stroke.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13311-020-00884-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

复杂后循环颅内段动脉粥样硬化性病变的诊疗进展

中国是颅内动脉粥样硬化疾病的高发地区，多种危险因素与之有关。前后循环颅内动脉 狭窄/闭塞在危险因素分布上存在一定的差异性，同时后循环动脉的解剖结构具有自身独特的特点且 具有较多的解剖变异性。本综述回顾了基于颅内动脉粥样硬化的Mori分型、LMA分型，并对复杂后循 环颅内段动脉粥样硬化性病变进行了临床定义。由于复杂后循环颅内段动脉粥样硬化性病变药物治 疗效果往往不佳，卒中复发率高，同时血管内治疗又较困难，因此，本文从解剖结构、危险因素、卒中 病理生理特点、侧支循环、影像学评估及临床治疗进展多个方面对复杂后循环病变进行了综述。     

加速康复外科联合中医药对腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术患者手术指标和临床效果的影响

目的:分析加速康复外科(ERAS)联合中医药对腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术患者手术指标和临床效果的影响。方法:选取2014年1月至2016年10月溧阳市中医医院收治的直肠癌患者128例作为研究对象,按不同治疗方式分组,Ⅰ组予以传统开腹全直肠系膜切除术治疗,Ⅱ组予以ERAS联合腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术治疗,Ⅲ组予以ERAS、中医药联合腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术治疗。比较各组手术情况,应激指标,炎性反应,免疫功能,并发症和预后情况比较。结果:Ⅱ组及Ⅲ组手术时间均多于Ⅰ组,Ⅲ组出血量、肛门排气时间、进食时间及住院时间均少于Ⅱ组及Ⅰ组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),各组淋巴结清扫数目、肿瘤下缘距离远切缘距离比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后,各组应激指标、炎性反应指标水平均上升,Ⅲ组炎性反应指标水平均低于Ⅱ组且低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。各组CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平均下降,Ⅲ组CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平均高于Ⅱ组且高于Ⅰ组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Ⅱ组及Ⅲ组并发症发生率低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组及Ⅲ组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各组预后情况比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:ERAS联合中医药在腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术患者的应用中优越性明显,可减轻机体创伤性,维持内环境稳定,为其临床推广提供理论依据。     

The gait profile score characterises walking performance impairments in young stroke survivors

BackgroundThe Gait Profile Score (GPS) provides a composite measure of the quality of joint movement during walking, but the relationship between this measure and metabolic cost, temporal (e.g. walking speed) and spatial (e.g. stride length) parameters in stroke survivors has not been reported.Research Question: The aims of this study were to compare the GPS (paretic, non-paretic, and overall score) of young stroke survivors to the healthy able-bodied control and determine the relationship between the GPS and metabolic cost, temporal (walking speed, stance time asymmetry) and spatial (stride length, stride width, step length asymmetry) parameters in young stroke survivors to understand whether the quality of walking affects walking performance in stroke survivors.MethodsThirty-nine young stroke survivors aged between 18 and 65years and 15 healthy age-matched able-bodied controls were recruited from six hospital sites in Wales, UK. Joint range of motion at the pelvis, hip, knee and ankle, and temporal and spatial parameters were measured during walking on level ground at self-selected speed with calculation of the Gait Variable Score and then the GPS.ResultsGPS for the paretic leg (9.40° (8.60–10.21) p < 0.001), non-paretic leg (11.42° (10.20–12.63) p < 0.001) and overall score (11.18° (10.26–12.09) p < 0.001)) for stroke survivors were significantly higher than the control (4.25° (3.40–5.10), 5.92° (5.11 (6.73)). All parameters with the exception of step length symmetry ratio correlated moderate to highly with the GPS for the paretic, non-paretic, and/or overall score (ρ = <−0.732 (p < 0.001)).SignificanceThe quality of joint movement during walking measured via the GPS is directly related to the speed and efficiency of walking, temporal (stance time symmetry) and spatial (stride length, stride width) parameters in young stroke survivors.     

Difference in Survival in Early Kidney after Liver Transplantation Compared with Simultaneous Liver-Kidney Transplantation: Evaluating the Potential of the “Safety Net”

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Sleep disturbances and restless legs syndrome in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer given adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy

IntroductionWhether adjuvant therapy with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) causes sleep disturbances or not in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer (EBC) is still a controversial issue.MethodsBetween March 2014 and November 2017, validated questionnaires for assessing insomnia, anxiety, depression, quality of life (QoL) and restless legs syndrome (RLS) were administered to 160 EBC patients at baseline and after 3, 6, 12, and 24 months of AI therapy.ResultsAI therapy significantly decreased the patients’ QoL, but did not influence insomnia, anxiety or depression. However, it significantly increased the frequency and severity of RLS. Patients with RLS at baseline (19%) or who developed RLS during AI therapy (26.3%) reported statistically lower quality of sleep, higher anxiety and depression, and worse QoL compared to patients who never reported RLS (54.7%).ConclusionAlthough AI therapy does not affect sleep quality, it may increase RLS frequency. The presence of RLS could identify a group of EBC patients who may benefit from psychological support.     

血抗栓汤内服联合西医治疗急性脑梗死疗效分析

目的观察活血抗栓汤联合奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死疗效。方法将80患者按抽签法分为观察组和对照组各40例。对照组奥扎格雷钠氯化钠注射液,500 mL/次,2次/d,静滴,治疗2周。治疗组在对照组基础上加用活血抗栓汤,水煎200 mL,1剂/d,2次/d,治疗2周。观测临床症状、神经功能、日常生活能力、凝血功能。结果治疗后,观察组红细胞聚集指数、血细胞容积、纤维蛋白原、全血高切黏度、血浆比黏度改善程度高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组ADL评分、NIHSS评分比较,无显著差异(P>0.05),治疗后,观察组NIHSS评分低于对照组,ADL评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论血抗栓汤内服联合西医治疗急性脑梗死,可改善凝血功,值得推广。